在職博士英語長難句訓(xùn)練題及解析10
來源:在職研究生招生信息網(wǎng) 發(fā)布時間:2016-11-29 10:37:00
1.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient tokeep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.
【分析】多重復(fù)合句。句子主干為 The explanation...seems to be that...。 that 引導(dǎo)表語從句,該從句中由 but 連接的兩個并列句組成;第一個分句中 it 作形式賓語,其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) to keep...作真正的賓語;第二個分句中 if necessary 為條件狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu), but 前省略相同的主語 the brain。
【譯文】對氣味不敏感的解釋似乎是:大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)讓所有氣味接收器一直工作效率太低,但是在需要的時候仍可以產(chǎn)生新的感受器。
2.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptorsavailable for unfamiliar and emergency signals suchas the smell of smoke, which might indicate thedanger of fire.
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 The brain finds it best tokeep smell receptors available。其中 it 為形式賓語,不定式結(jié)構(gòu) to keep smell receptors available 才是真正的賓語,best 為賓語補(bǔ)足語;such as... 用于舉例,補(bǔ)充說明unfamiliar and emergency signals;which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 the smell of smoke。
【譯文】 大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)最好讓氣味感受器隨時用于接收陌生的和危急的信號,比如可能暗示火災(zāi)危險的煙味。
3.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes commited young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.
【分析】簡單句。句子主干為 Many theories...focus either on the individual or onsociety。concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency 是分詞短語作后置定語,修飾 theories;括號內(nèi)的成分是 juvenile delinquency 的同位語,對其進(jìn)行解釋; as the major contributing influence為賓語補(bǔ)足語。
【譯文】 很多關(guān)于青少年犯罪(低齡人群犯罪)原因的理論要么強(qiáng)調(diào)個人要么的強(qiáng)調(diào)社會是導(dǎo)致犯罪的主要原因。
【點(diǎn)撥】1) juvenile 既是名詞"青少年",也是形容詞"青少年的;年幼無知的"。2) commit"委托,托付;犯罪,承諾,做...事"。3) influence 原意為"影響;作用",本句中意為"影響因素"。
4.Theories centering on the individual suggest thatchildren engage incriminal behavior because theywere not sufficiently penalized for previousmisdeeds or that they have learned criminalbehavior through interation with others.
【分析】多重復(fù)合句。句子主干為 Theories...suggestthat...or that...,兩個 that 引導(dǎo)兩個并列的從句作suggest 的賓語,由 連or 接。分詞結(jié)構(gòu) centering on...是 Theories 的后置定語;第一個賓語從句中,children engage in criminal behavior 為句子主干,后跟 because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句;第二個賓語從句中,through interation with others 為方式狀語。
【譯文】強(qiáng)調(diào)個人因素的理論認(rèn)為兒童的犯罪行為是因?yàn)樗麄冊?jīng)的惡習(xí)未得到應(yīng)有的懲治,或是由于受別人影響而學(xué)會了犯罪。
【點(diǎn)撥】1) engage (sb.) in sth."參加某事;從事某事"。2) misdeed"違法行為,犯罪"。
5.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response totheir failure to rise above their socioecomonic status, or as a rejection of middle-class value.
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 Theories...suggest that...,that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 focusing on the role ofsociety 為現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語,修飾 Theories。 賓語從句的主干為 children commit crimes。
【譯文】強(qiáng)調(diào)社會因素的理論認(rèn)為兒童的犯罪行為是因?yàn)樗麄兾茨苋缭傅靥岣咦约旱纳鐣?jīng)濟(jì)地位,或者是因?yàn)榕懦庵挟a(chǎn)階級的價值觀。
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