Passage Five

　　We are all inclined to believe that our generation is more civilized than the generation that preceded ours. From time to time, there is even some substantial evidence that we hold in higher regard such civilized attributes as compassion, pity, remorse (懊悔), intelligence and a respect for the customs of people different from ourselves.

　　Why war then?

   　 Some pessimistic historians think the whole society of man runs in cycles and that one of the phases is war. The optimists, on the other hand, think war is not like an eclipse (日食) or a flood or a spell of bad weather. They believe that it is more like a disease for which a cure could be found if the causes were known.

　　Because war is the ultimate drama of life and death stories and pictures of it are more interesting than those about peace. This is so true that all of us, and perhaps those of us in television more than most, are often caught up in the action of war to the exclusion of the ideas of it.

　　If it is true, as we would like to think it is, that our age is more civilized than ages past, we must all agree that it’s very strange that in the twentieth century, our century, we have killed more than 70 million of our fellowmen on purpose, at war. It is very strange that since 1900 more men have killed more other men than in any other seventy years in history.

    　Probably the reason we are able to do both, that is, believe on the one hand that we are more civilized and on the other hand wage war to kill－is that killing is not so personal an affair as it once was. The enemy is invisible. One man doesn’t look another in the eye and run him through with a sword. The enemy dead or alive is largely unseen. He is killed by remote control: a loud noise, a distant puff of smoke and then silence.

    　The pictures of the victim’s wife and children, which he carries in his breast pocket, are destroyed with him. He is not heard to cry out. The question of compassion or pity or remorse does not enter into it. The enemy is not a man; he is a statistic. It is true, too, that more people are being killed at war now than previously because we’re better at doing it than we used to be. One man with one modern weapon can kill thousands.

55. In modern wars more people get killed because_____.

   A. people are more cruel                  B. people don’t care others’ lives

　C. people have more advanced weapons      D. people are more civilized

56. In what way are we more civilized than the ancients?

   A. We can kill more people.

   B. We respect those people different from us.

   C. We have more interesting stories of war.

   D. We don’t think of killing as a personal affair anymore.

57. In the modern war the enemy is treated as_____.

　A. an animal          B. a victim       

　C. a man             D. a statistic without life

58. How is the enemy killed in the modern war?

   A. By an opponent running him through with a sword.

   B. By a man who knows him well.

   C. By remote control.

   D. By a puff of smoke.

59. The stories and pictures of war are more interesting than those about peace because_____.

   A. war is like an excellent drama full of life and death

   B. people all enjoy watching drama

   C. people like war instead of peace

   D. war is more interesting than peace

60. What is the attitude of the author about war?

  A. negative

  B. supportive

  C. neutral

  D. indifferent

 Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)

　　Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

 　　The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of  61  .

　　The  62  of language is also obscure. No doubt it began very gradually. Animals have a few cries that serve  63  signals,   64  even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words,    65  with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently  66  for the mastering of speech. When man became sufficiently intelligent, we must suppose that he  67  the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day  68  he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think that  69  picture language preceded oral language. A man  70  a picture on the wall of his cave to show    71     direction he had gone, or  72  prey he hoped to catch. Probably picture language and oral language developed side by side. I am inclined to think that language  73  the most important single factor in the development of man.

　　Two important stages came not  74  before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was  75  in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be

　　successfully practiced. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral (畜牧的) nomads (游牧民), but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.

   61.  A. the latter           B. the later             C. the second         D. the latest  

   62.  A. source              B. beginning           C. start                  D. origin

   63.  A. 1ike                  B. with                  C. as                     D. by

   64.  A. and         B. but               C. moreover          D. for

   65.  A. even if      B. even                     C. even though       D. even as

   66.  A. a necessity   B. necessities            C. necessarily D. necessity

   67.  A. should gradually increase            B. gradually increase

         C. gradually increased                        D. has gradually increased

   68.  A. that         B. at which              C. which        D. when

   69.  A. with the respect                   B. on this respect   

         C. in this respect                    D. at this respect   

   70. A. could draw          B. should draw       C. was able draw   D. was drawing

   71. A. at which              B. in which            C. on which           D. with which

   72. A. of which              B. that                   C. which        D. what

   73. A. is                 B. was                  C. has been            D. is being

   74. A. too long        B. such long          C. as long              D. so long

   75. A. a stage          B. a step                C. a development    D. a way

 Paper Two試卷二（60 minutes）

 Part Ⅰ Translation（30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section）

 Section A

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　One by one, economies around the world are stumbling. By cutting interest rates again this week for the seventh time this year the Federal Reserve hopes it can keep America out of recession. But in an increasing number of economies, from Japan to Taiwan to Mexico and Brazil, GDP is already shrinking. Global industrial production fell at an annual rate of 6 percent in the first half of 2001. Early estimates suggest that gross world product, as a whole, may have contracted in the second quarter for possibly the first time in two decades. Welcome to the fist global recession of the 21st century.

Section B

　　Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

世界各地有3, 600萬人染上了艾滋病——這比整個澳大利亞的人口還多。目前,艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲則是頭號罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人喪失工作，使家庭喪失經濟來源，使父母喪失孩子。在7個非洲國家中，5歲至49歲的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。

Part ⅡWriting（30 minutes, 15 points)

       Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition of no less than 150 words on Should Star Bucks Leave the Palace Museum? You should base your composition on the clues given in Chinese below:

      最近央視主持人芮成鋼近日強烈要求星巴克搬出故宮，他認為，“故宮是中國幾千年最輝煌文化的載體，就是中國的象征。把星巴克開在故宮里面，是對中國傳統文化的糟蹋。鬧了6年的事件再次被關注。然而也有人說：故宮里有星巴克，給國外人有賓至如歸的感覺。

請對這種情況發表一下你的看法。