在職博士英語長難句訓練題及解析3
來源:在職研究生招生信息網 發布時間:2016-09-28 09:58:00
1.In an experiment pubished in 1988, socialpsychologist Fritz Strack of the University ofWurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to hold apen either with their teeth-thereby creating anartificial smile-or with their lips, which wouldproduce a disappointed expression.
【分析】復合句。句子主干為 social psychologistFritzStrack ...asked volunteers to hold a pen...。句首的介詞短語作整句話的狀語;either with ...or with... 作動詞hold的方式狀語,第一個狀語后的現在分詞短語作目的狀語,第二個狀語后which引導非限定性定語從句。
【譯文】1988年發表過一項實驗,德國維爾茨堡大學的社會心理學家弗里茨·斯特拉克和他的同事們招募了一批志愿者。他們讓一部分人用牙齒咬住一支筆,從而在臉上制造出"人工笑臉";或是用嘴唇叼著筆,從而產生"沮喪表情"。
2.Those forced to exercises their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funnycartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggeating thatexpressions may inflence emotions rather than just the other way around.
【分析】復合句。主句為 Those... reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons,過去分詞短語forced to...作后置定語修飾those。than 引導比較狀語從句,該從句中的主語those由定語從句修飾,因其較長,謂語又因與主句重復而省略為did,所以用倒裝語序。suggeating... 為現在分詞結構作結果狀語,其中包含that引導的賓語從句。
【譯文】那些用牙齒咬著筆,表現出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼著筆、表現出沮喪神情的人在看搞笑的動畫片時所作出的反應更豐富。這就證明了表情能夠影響情緒,而不是情緒影響表情。
【點撥】1) contract作名詞時意為"契約,合同;婚約";作動詞時意為"締結,訂契約;染上(惡習,疾病等);(使)收縮,(使)緊縮"。2) frown"皺眉,蹙眉",既是動詞也是名詞。
3.Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects' behavior.
【分析】復合句。句子主干為the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect"。the extremely influential idea...補充說明 Hawthorne effect,是其同位語,其中 idea 之后是 that 引導的同位語從句。同位語從句中,主句為 the very act,of being experimented upon 是其后置定語,謂語為 changes,賓語是 subjects' behavior。
【譯文】然而,這些研究最終以被冠之為"霍桑效應"的概念而告終,這個極具影響力的概念認為,僅僅是接受實驗這一行為就足以使受試者的表現發生改變。
【點撥】1)subject 作名詞時,是"主題、學科、對象、主語"的意思,結合語境,本句中意為"接受實驗對象,受試者"。作動詞時,意為"使服從;使遭受",常與 to 搭配。作形容詞時,意為"受...支配的;易遭...的"。2)end up doing sth."結果是...,最終..."。
4.Accoding to accounts of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increasd, but also it was dimmed.
【分析】復合句。句子主干為 their hourly output rose。連接兩個由 when 引導的并列時間狀語從句,后一時間狀語從句中 it 指代的是 lighting。此處注意 not only...but also...結構在實際運用中可以省略 not only 或 but also。Accoding to作狀語。
【譯文】實驗報告表明,當照明燈變亮時,女工們每小時的產出會增加,而當照明燈變暗時,她們每小時的產出仍會增加。
【點撥】account作名詞時,常用意為"理由,解釋"或 "賬目、賬單",本句中的意思是"報告、描述"。作動詞時,常與 for 搭配,意為"說明...的原因;(在數量、比例方面)占"。
5.An awareness that they were being experimentedupon seemed to be enough to alter workers'sbehavior by itself.
【分析】復合句。句子主干為。An awareness...seemedto be enough to alter...。that 引導同位語從句補充說明awareness,其中they 指代后面的 workers。beenough to do "足以..."。
【譯文】只要意識到她們在接受實驗,這一意識本身似乎就足以改變工人們的行為。
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